#文字コードとの比較?
p ("abc"[1]==?b)? "yes": "no"

#ダブルクォートのエスケープを軽減
str = %q(XYZZYX,"","xxx","zzz, yyy","a \"fff\" aaa,",2,"yyy, qqq eee");
p str
#=> "XYZZYX,\"\",\"xxx\",\"zzz, yyy\",\"a \\\"fff\\\" aaa,\",2,\"yyy, qqq eee\""
puts str
#=> XYZZYX,"","xxx","zzz, yyy","a \"fff\" aaa,",2,"yyy, qqq eee"

# %記法は他にもある.%Q,%rなど

#指定文字を(何個)含んでいるか?
p '123456789'.count('2378')          # => 4

#指定文字列を含んでいるか?
str = 'abcdef'
p str.include?('abc')	# => true
p str.include?('ace')	# => false
p str.include?('xyz') # => false

#置換
p "foo".tr('a-z', 'A-Z')